學習撰寫和套用 Gradle 外掛的基礎知識。

在本節中,您將

  • 新增自訂工作至外掛

  • 將外掛套用至子專案

  • 使用外掛

步驟 0. 開始之前

  1. 您已在 第 1 部分 中初始化 Java 應用程式。

  2. 您已從 第 2 部分 了解 Gradle 建置生命週期。

  3. 您已在 第 3 部分 中新增子專案和個別建置。

  4. 您已在 第 4 部分 中檢視設定檔。

  5. 您已在 第 5 部分 中撰寫建置指令碼。

  6. 您已在 第 6 部分 中撰寫工作。

步驟 1. 開發外掛

讓我們將自訂的 LicenseTask 與我們的 plugin 連結。

使用以下 Plugin 程式碼更新 LicensePlugin(請勿變更檔案中的任何其他內容)

gradle/license-plugin/plugin/src/main/kotlin/license/LicensePlugin.kt
class LicensePlugin: Plugin<Project> {
    override fun apply(project: Project) {
        project.tasks.register("license", LicenseTask::class.java) { task ->
            task.description = "add a license header to source code"   // Add description
            task.group = "from license plugin"                         // Add group
        }
    }
}
gradle/license-plugin/plugin/src/main/kotlin/license/LicensePlugin.groovy
class LicensePlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
    void apply(Project project) {
        project.tasks.register("license", LicenseTask) { task ->
            task.setDescription("add a license header to source code")  // Add description
            task.setGroup("from license plugin")                        // Add group
        }
    }
}

步驟 2. 新增 license.txt 檔案

在專案的根目錄新增一個名為 license.txt 的檔案,並新增以下文字

license.txt
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

步驟 3. 套用外掛

將外掛套用至 app 子專案(如果尚未套用)

app/build.gradle.kts
plugins {
    application
    id("com.tutorial.license") // Apply custom plugin
}
app/build.gradle
plugins {
    id 'application'
    id('com.tutorial.license') // Apply custom plugin
}

透過列出 app 子專案中可用的工作,確認外掛已正確套用

$ ./gradlew :app:tasks

------------------------------------------------------------
Tasks runnable from project ':app'
------------------------------------------------------------

...

From license plugin tasks
-------------------------
license - add a license header to source code

步驟 4. 執行自訂工作

最後,是時候執行新的工作了。

首先,讓我們檢查一些原始碼

app/src/main/java/authoring/tutorial/App.java
package authoring.tutorial;

import com.gradle.CustomLib;

public class App {
    public String getGreeting() {
        return "CustomLib identifier is: " + CustomLib.identifier;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
    }
}

接著,讓我們使用 ./gradlew :app:license 執行工作

$ ./gradlew :app:license

> Task :license-plugin:plugin:compileKotlin UP-TO-DATE
> Task :license-plugin:plugin:compileJava NO-SOURCE
> Task :license-plugin:plugin:pluginDescriptors UP-TO-DATE
> Task :license-plugin:plugin:processResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :license-plugin:plugin:classes UP-TO-DATE
> Task :license-plugin:plugin:jar UP-TO-DATE

> Configure project :app

> Task :app:license

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 410ms
5 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 4 up-to-date

現在檢查相同的原始碼,它應該包含授權標頭

app/src/main/java/authoring/tutorial/App.java
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package authoring.tutorial;

import com.gradle.CustomLib;

public class App {
    public String getGreeting() {
        return "CustomLib identifier is: " + CustomLib.identifier;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
    }
}

恭喜您完成教學課程!

步驟 4. 後續步驟

我們建議您瀏覽使用者手冊的各個章節。

後續步驟: 建構結構 >>